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Dracunculus vulgaris, commonly called dragon arum, is a tuberous herbaceous perennial that is native to rocky areas and hillsides in the central to eastern Mediterranean areas from Greece to the Balkans to Turkey. It typically grows to 3' tall and features large, erect, fan-shaped, palmately-divided, dark green leaves (to 12" long) that are often streaked with white. Each leaf has 9-15 finger-like lobes reportedly resembling in appearance the claw of a dragon, hence the common name. Leaves appear in clusters on a stalk-like, black/purple-spotted pseudostem. Large, foul-smelling, maroon-purple spathes (each to as much as 20" long and 8" wide) appear above the leaves in late spring/early summer. How to grow Easily grown in average, medium moisture, well-drained soils in full sun to part shade. Prefers moist, rich soils. Spreads by self-seeding and bulb offsets. Plants are not reliably winter hardy and mulch should be applied in winter to help protect them from cold temperatures. In cold winter areas north of USDA Zone 6, tubers may be dug up in autumn, overwintered indoors and replanted in spring in somewhat the same manner as dahlias. Common Name: dragon arum  Type: Herbaceous perennial  Family: Araceae  Native Range: Algeria, southeastern Europe, Turkey  Zone: 7 to 10  Height: 2.00 to 3.00 feet  Spread: 1.00 to 2.00 feet  Bloom Time: June to July  Bloom Description: Maroon purple  Sun: Full sun to part shade  Water: Medium  Maintenance: Low  Flower: Showy, Fragrant Fruit: Showy

Best grown in fertile, humusy, organically rich, medium to wet soils in part shade or filtered sun. When growing plants in garden soils, provide regular moisture, especially during dry summer periods, and do not allow soils to dry out. Plants may also be grown as pond marginals in up to 6" of standing water. How to grow Plants produce prodigious amounts of growth and appreciate regular fertilization during the growing season. Site plants in locations protected from strong winds. Tubers may be left in the ground year-round in USDA Zones 8-10. In northern states, however, tubers should be planted in the ground in mid-spring (after April 20), dug up in fall after first frost and then overwintered in a cool dry location (set in dry peat or wood shavings) where temperatures do not dip below 45 degrees F This species is also commercially grown as a food crop in Hawaii (poi is made from the tubers) where it is commonly called taro.     Hardiness zone:      8 to 10 Height:                    3 to 6 feet Spread:                   3 to 6 feet Bloom Time:           Rarely flowers Bloom Description: Yellowish-white Sun:                         Full sun to part shade Water:                      Medium to wet Maintenance:           Medium Suggested Use:       Annual, rain garden Flower:                     Insignificant Tolerate:                   Wet Soil

Eremurus, commonly called Desert Candle or Foxtail Lily, is a robust perennial that features giant, upright, cylindrical flower spires (terminal racemes to 3-4' long) of fragrant, densely-packed, pale pink flowers (each flower to 1.5" wide). Each flower spire purportedly resembles a giant fox tail or giant candle. How to grow Flowers bloom in late spring to early summer (June-July) atop leafless flowering stalks (to 8-10' tall) rising well above large foliage clumps (to 4' tall) of basal, strap-shaped, blue-green leaves (each leaf to 4" wide).Grow in organically rich, well-drained soils in full sun. Plants perform well in sandy loams. Good drought tolerance. Avoid unamended clay soils. Starfish-shaped rootstock consists of a central crown from which fleshy tapering roots spread outward. Plant each crown 4-6” deep over a mound of soil, carefully spreading the finger-like roots over the mound as one would plant a bare root rose. Space 2-3’ apart. Best planted in early fall. Soils must be well-drained or root rot may occur. Best in locations protected from strong winds because of the height of the flowerspike. Tall stalks should be staked. Winter mulch will help protect tuberous roots and help prevent damage to young foliage in spring from late frosts.   Common Name: Giant Desert CandleType: BulbFamily: AsphodelaceaeNative Range: Central AsiaZone: 5 to 8Height: 5.00 to 10.00 feetSpread: 2.00 to 3.00 feetBloom Time: June to JulyBloom Description: Pale pinkSun: Full sunWater: MediumMaintenance: MediumFlower: Showy, Fragrant, Good CutTolerate: Drought  

Eryngium x zabelii, commonly called Sea Holly, Easily grown in dry, sandy, poor to moderately fertile, well-drained soils in full sun. Intensity of flower and bract colors is best in areas with full sun and cool nights. T How to grow Tolerates poor soils and drought. Tall plants tend to sprawl, particularly if grown in moist fertile soils or in anything less than full sun. Deadhead flowers after bloom to retain good plant appearance. This is a tap-rooted plant that transplants poorly and is best left undisturbed once established Common Name: Sea Holly Type: Herbaceous perennial Family: Apiaceae Zone: 5 to 9 Height: 1.50 to 2.00 feet Spread: 1.50 to 2.00 feet Bloom Time: June to August Bloom Description: Violet blue flowers and bracts Sun: Full sun Water: Dry Maintenance: Low Flower: Good Cut, Good Dried Leaf: Colorful Tolerate: Rabbit, Dry Soil

Best grown in moist, well-drained soils in full sun. Tolerates some shade, but best flowering and foliage color occur in full sun. When finished blooming, the foliage will keep changing colors. Plant bulbs in spring. How to grow Not reliably winter hardy, bulbs should be planted in a protected location, such as on the south side of a home or garage, with application of a thick winter mulch. Bulbs may be lifted in fall and overwintered indoors in pots.     Hardiness zone: 6 to 9 Height: 1.00 to 2.00 feet Bloom Time: July to August Sun: Full sun Flower: Showy Leaf: Colorful

Sword-shaped medium green leaves (to 2’ long) in upright fans are typical of gladiolus. With fragrant, star-shaped white flowers (to 2-3” across) with pointed spreading petals and dark purple throats they are less typical of gladiolus. Flowers of this species are well-spaced and have a more graceful appearance than many of the gladiolus hybrids available in commerce. How to grow Acidenthera corms may be left in the ground year-round in USDA Zones 7-10, but it is generally believed that plants in these areas will flower best if corms are dug annually there as well. Best grown in humusy, medium moisture, well-drained soils in full sun. Adapts to a wide range of soils except heavy clay. Site plants in locations protected from strong winds. Corms may be started indoors in early spring (for earlier bloom) or planted directly in the ground after last frost date. Corm size determines planting depth and spacing. Plant corms 2-6” deep (2-3” for small corms and 5-6” for large ones) and 4-6” apart. Provide consistent moisture during the growing season, especially during dry summer periods, and do not allow soils to dry out.     Hardiness zone: 7 to 10 Height: 2 to 3 feet Spread: 1 to 1 1/2 feet Bloom Time: August to September Bloom Description: White with dark purple throat Sun: Full sun Water: Medium Maintenance: Medium Suggested Use: Annual Flower: Showy, Fragrant

Plant tubers horizontally 1” deep and 8-12” apart in an organically rich, medium moisture, well-drained soil after last frost date. Tuber should be planted at a 5 degree angle just under the soil with the eye facing upwards. For earlier bloom, tubers may be started indoors in late winter and moved outside after last frost. Best sited in locations with some afternoon shade. After bloom, dig, dry and store in a dry medium before first frost. Tubers are brittle and can be difficult to dig at the end of the growing season. How to grow Accordingly, many gardeners find it easiest to leave Gloriosa tubers in pots or containers year-round: start indoors in late winter, sink entire pot to the rim into the ground after last frost date and dig up pot and remove to a frost free location after blooming for overwintering dry in the pot. Containers may also be placed on patios during growing season. As a houseplant, locate container in a bright sunny window, with watering tapered off after blooming to induce dormancy.     Hardiness zone: 8 to 10 Bloom Time: Summer Sun: Afternoon Shade Water: Medium

Scadoxus multiflorus, (formerly know as Haemanthus multiflorus) called Blood Lily, is a bulbous perennial that is native to tropical and subtropical parts of South Africa. It is a member of the Amaryllis family. Common name reportedly comes from the red (blood-like) stains on its flattened white bulbs. Each bulb produces 6-7 bright green leaves (to 12-15” long) and one flower head per season. How to grow Winter hardy to USDA Zones 9-11 where plants may be grown directly in the ground in organically rich, medium moisture, well-drained soils in full sun to part shade. Plants need consistent and even moisture with sharp drainage during the growing season. Reduce moisture in winter season. In cooler climates, plants must be overwintered indoors. Bulbs may be planted outdoors directly in the garden in spring after last frost date, but the bulbs must be dug prior to first frost in fall, brought indoors, packed in peat and overwintered in a dry cool area where temperatures run 50-60 F. Plants reportedly perform best when root-bound and generally dislike root disturbance, and for this reason bulbs are often grown in containers regardless of climate.       Zone:                      9 to 11 Height:                    1 to 2 feet Spread:                   0.75 to 1.50 feet Bloom Time:           June to July Bloom Description: Red Sun:                        Full sun to part shade Water:                     Medium Maintenance:          Low Flower:                    Showy

Hardy Cyclamen typically grows 4-6" tall and features pink or white tinged with pink flowers (2" long) with a darker eye and with reflexed petals.  How to grow Blooms somewhat profusely in late summer into fall, one flower per stem. Extremely attractive, ivy-shaped, mottled leaves are variably colored, but usually gray-green with silver and white marbling. The flower stalks typically rise up from late summer to early fall and are followed by the foliage which persists through winter and goes dormant in late spring. Grow in average, dry to medium moisture, well-drained soil in part shade. Prefers moist, humusy soils with protection from hot afternoon sun. Plant corms just below the surface in spring. Plants are dormant in summer. Mulch corms in winter. May self-seed in the garden. Also can be grown on a plate in the living room, just mist-spray once a week. Can be planted outdoors afterwards. You will be richly rewarded!     Hardiness zone: 5 to 9 Bloom Time: September to October Sun: Part shade Water: Dry to medium Suggested Use: Naturalize Flower: Showy Leaf: Colorful Tolerate: Deer, Drought, Dry Soil    

Winter hardy to USDA Zones 7-10. Best grown in organically rich, medium to wet, well-drained soils in full sun to part shade. Likes hot and humid summers and consistently moist soils. How to grow In northern states, plant rhizomes in the ground in spring after last frost. Lift rhizomes in fall and store for winter in slightly moist vermiculite or peat in a cool, dry location. Also may be grown in containers or tubs which should be overwintered indoors in a cool, dry, frost-free location. Containers are best overwintered in greenhouses if available. Containers may be sunk into the ground at the periphery of a water garden or pond. It is a rhizomatous tender perennial that typically grows 3-6’ tall. Features large, lance-shaped, medium green leaves (to 24” long x 5” wide).     Hardiness zone: 7 to 10 Height: 3 to 6 feet Spread: 2 to 3 feet Bloom Time: Seasonal bloomer Sun: Full sun to part shade Water: Medium to wet Suggested Use: Annual Flower: Showy, fragrant  

Modern daylilies are the product of many years of breeding work, resulting in freely blooming plants of the easiest garden culture. How to grow They form dense clumps of grassy foliage with upright stems of trumpet flowers. This selection features large, fragrant orchid pink and yellow blended flowers and a green throat that blooms mid-late season. Plants do not usually require dividing for several years, but are easily split apart in fall or early spring. Spent flower stems can be trimmed back after flowers are finished. Remove old foliage in late fall.   Sun Exposure: Full Sun or partial shade Soil Moisture: Average or Moist Blooming Time: Mid – late summer   Foliage Color: Deep green Plant Uses: Border, cut flower, container, fragrant   Flowerhead Size: Large Height: 30-35 inches Spread: 23-30 inches Hardiness Zone: 2-9 Resistant for: Deer, rabbits Tolerant: Drought

This gloxinia is a clump-forming perennial which typically grows 18-24" tall. Features clusters of trumpet-shaped, pinkish-red, 2.5" long flowers with yellow throats (5-12 flowers per cluster). How to grow Clusters appear in summer atop sturdy, essentially leafless flower stalks which extend well above the basal, arching, fern-like, pinnately compound, medium green leaves (to 12" long). Easily grown in average well-drained soil in full sun to part shade. Prefers deep, moist, sandy soils in full sun. Intolerant of the hot and humid summers of the deep south and needs some afternoon shade in southern locations. Remove faded flowers to prolong bloom period. May not be reliably winter hardy in the northern parts of USDA Zone 5.     Hardiness zone: 5 to 7 Height: 1 1/2 to 2 feet Spread: 1 1/2 to 2 feet Bloom Time: July to August Bloom Description: Pinkish-red Sun: Full sun to part shade Water: Medium Maintenance: Medium Flower: Showy  

Peruvian Daffodil is a deciduous, bulbous, hybrid perennial of garden origin that looks like a spidery daffodil with extremely narrow perianth (petal-like) segments. How to grow Reliably winter hardy to USDA Zone 8. In northern states, bulbs must be lifted in fall. Best grown in moist, humusy, well-drained soils in full sun to part shade. Soil must never be allowed to dry out. Plant bulbs 4” deep and spaced 8-12” apart in mid-spring. Garden grown bulbs must be lifted in fall after foliage die back and before first frost. Dig carefully (try to retain as much root as possible), dry and store in a cool (50s) dry location  in a dry medium such as peat or perlite. For containers, plant in spring with the necks of the bulbs slightly above the soil surface. Container grown bulbs may be overwintered in the containers by withdrawing moisture as the foliage begins to die back and storing pots indoors in a cool, dry location.   Hardiness zone: 3 to 8 Height: 2 to 2 1/2 feet Spread: 1 to 1 1/2 feet Bloom Time: July to August Bloom Description: White Sun: Full sun to part shade Water: Medium Maintenance: Medium Flower: Showy, Fragrant

Also known as Torchlily, these are easy to grow in the garden as long as the soil is well-drained, particularly in winter. How to grow  Plants form a big clump of grassy leaves that remain evergreen in milder regions. This compact selection features bicolored spikes of red and flame-orange flowers that are attractive to hummingbirds. Stems are wonderful for cutting. Drought tolerant once established. Clumps may be divided every 3 to 4 years in the spring.     Hardiness zone: 5-9 Sun Exposure: Full Sun Soil Moisture: Average to moist Blooming Time: Midsummer-early fallFoliage Color: Deep green Plant Uses: Border, Cut flower, container, woodland, FlowerHead Size : Very large Height: 23-28 inches Spread: 18-23 inches Resistant for: Rabbits and deer Attracts: Hummingbirds Tolerant: Drought  

Widely grown as a commercial cut flower, this is selected from one of our native prairie wildflowers. Plants form a low clump of grassy-looking leaves, bearing tall spikes of bright magenta-purple flowers beginning in midsummer. How to grow Very useful in the sunny border, meadow garden or in containers. Drought tolerant and attractive to butterflies. Clumps may be easily divided every 3 to 4 years in the spring. Plants may need to be staked.     Hardiness Zone: 2-9 Sun Exposure: Full Sun Soil Moisture: Average to moist Blooming Time: Mid summer – early fall Foliage Color: Deep green Plant Uses: Border, cut flower, container, wildflower   Flowerhead Size: Very large Height: 30-35 inches Spread: 12-15 inches Resistant for: Deer, rabbits Attracts: Butterflies, hummingbirds Tolerant: Drought    

Sometimes called Leopard Plant, this is a bold specimen perennial that needs a moist location. How to grow Plants form a clump of large, rounded dark-green leaves with a purple backside. Taller stems appear in midsummer, bearing clusters of bright golden orange daisy flowers. Superb for the back of the border, or at the waterside. An unusual centerpiece for a tub or large container. Both the flowers and leaves are great for cutting. Clumps may be divided in the spring, every 3 to 4 years. In warm summer regions plan to grow this in shade.     Hardiness Zone : 3-9 Sun Exposure: Full Sun or partial shade Soil Moisture: Average or Moist Blooming Time: Mid–late summer   Foliage Color : Deep green – purple black Plant Uses: Border, cut flower, container, woodland   FlowerHead Size: Very large Height: 35-47 inches Spread: 30-35 inches Resistant for: Deer

Easily grown in average, medium, well-drained soil in full sun to part shade. Prefers rich, organic soils. How to grow Best with upper plant in full sun and roots in shade. Mulch around plants to keep root zone cool. Plant bulbs 4-6" deep in very early spring. Potted plants may be planted any time from spring to fall. Plant in groups of three for best display and space 12" apart. Bulbs need good moisture year-round. Do not allow soil to dry out. Remove flowers as they fade to prevent seed from setting. After bloom, cut plants back only after leaves and stems turn yellow.     Hardiness zone: 3 to 8 Bloom Time: July to August Sun: Full sun to part shade Water: Medium      

Hailed as a 'super lily', Friso is part of a select group of hybrids that have recently been bred by crossing oriental and trumpet lilies. The result is a plant that has inherited the best qualities of both its parents. This is a very tall lily that can reach up to 7-9 ft tall and, when well established, it can produce up to 25 flowers. The best news is that the breeding has not diminished the flower's scent, which is as heady and sweet as you would expect from a lily. How to grow Easily grown in average, medium, well-drained soil in full sun to part shade. Prefers rich,organic soils. More drought tolerant than most other types of lilies. Bulbs prefer good moisture year round, however. Plant bulbs 6-8” deep (slightly less in heavy clay) and space 12-18” apart in early spring. Plant in groups of at least three bulbs for best display. Mulch around plants to keep root zone cool. Protect from wind. Although stems are strong, staking for this tall lily is advisable. Remove flowers as they fade to prevent plant energies from being wasted on seed production. After bloom, cut plants to the ground only after leaves and stems have turned yellow.   Zone: 4 to 8 Bloom Time: July to August Sun: Full sun to part shade Water: Medium      

Easily grown in average, medium to well-drained soil in full sun to part shade. Prefers rich, organic soils. More drought tolerant than most other types of lilies. How to grow  Bulbs prefer good moisture year round, however. Plant bulbs 6-8” deep (slightly less in heavy clay) and space 12-18” apart in early spring. Plant in groups of at least three bulbs for best display. Mulch around plants to keep root zone cool. Protect from wind. Although stems are strong, staking for this tall lily is advisable. Remove flowers as they fade to prevent plant energies from being wasted on seed production. After bloom, cut plants to the ground only after leaves and stems have turned yellow.   Zone: 4 to 8 Bloom Time: July to August Sun: Full sun to part shade Water: Medium

This is an old garden favorite that features fragrant, funnel-shaped, tubular flowers (2” long) with five flaring petal-like lobes. Flowers bloom from early/mid-summer to fall. Flowers come in pink, rose, red, magenta, yellow and white, sometimes with interesting mottling and striping. Different colored flowers often appear on the same plant. Flowers open in the late afternoon (around four o’clock) and stay open only until the following morning. How to grow Tuberous rooted tender perennial that is winter hardy to USDA Zones 9-11. In northern states, it is usually grown as a warm weather annual, though tubers may be dug in fall. It is easily grown in average, consistently moist, well-drained soils in full sun to part shade. Tolerates a wide range of soils. Set out tubers or overwinter tubers after last frost. Tuberous roots may be dug in fall and stored over winter in a barely moist medium in a cool, dry corner of the basement or frost-free garage. The main advantage to digging the tubers is that plants tend to flower much better from established roots.     Hardiness zone: 9 to 11 Height: 2.00 to 3.00 feet Spread: 2.00 to 3.00 feet Bloom Time: June to frost Bloom Description: Pink, rose, red, magenta, yellow, white Sun: Full sun to part shade Water: Medium Maintenance: Low Suggested Use: Annual, Rain Garden Flower: Showy Attracts: Birds, Hummingbirds, Butterflies Tolerate: Rabbit, Deer, Wet Soil